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␈↓ ↓H␈↓α␈↓ βmNOTES ON INTELLIGENCE IN THE UNIVERSE

␈↓ ↓H␈↓1.␈α⊂Alien␈α∂intelligence␈α⊂will␈α⊂be␈α∂like␈α⊂human␈α∂intelligence␈α⊂in␈α⊂its␈α∂qualitative␈α⊂features,␈α⊂because␈α∂similar
␈↓ ↓H␈↓methods must be used to solve similar problems.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓2.␈αAlien␈αmotivational␈αstructure␈αmay␈αbe␈αvastly␈αdifferent,␈αbecause␈αthe␈αhuman␈αmotivational␈αstructure
␈↓ ↓H␈↓has many features not related to human survival in a technological culture.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓3.␈αHumans␈αare␈αbarely␈α
intelligent.␈α There␈αmay␈αbe␈αa␈α
servo-mechanism␈αthat␈αprevents␈αthere␈αbeing␈α
too
␈↓ ↓H␈↓many␈α
smart␈α
people.␈α
 There␈α
are␈α
just␈α
not␈α
enough␈αsmart␈α
people␈α
to␈α
do␈α
the␈α
jobs␈α
properly.␈α
 An␈αalien
␈↓ ↓H␈↓culture might pass from inventing fireplaces to inventing space ships in a few hundred years.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓4.␈αThere␈αis␈αno␈αreason␈αto␈αexpect␈αAI␈αto␈αstop␈αat␈αhuman-level␈αintelligence.␈α If␈αwe␈αcan␈αreach␈αit,␈αwe␈αcan
␈↓ ↓H␈↓far surpass it.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓5. If we survive, we will surely occupy the galaxy.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓6.␈α
We␈αmay,␈α
after␈αall,␈α
be␈αthe␈α
first␈αintelligent␈α
race␈αin␈α
our␈αgalaxy.␈α
 The␈αuncertainty␈α
in␈αthe␈α
time␈αof␈α
our
␈↓ ↓H␈↓being␈αcapable␈αof␈αoccupying␈αthe␈αgalaxy␈αis␈αa␈αperhaps␈α500,000,000␈αyears,␈αwhile␈αthe␈αtime␈αrequired␈αto
␈↓ ↓H␈↓occupy it is perhaps a 100,000 to 1,000,000 years.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓7. Sagan's formula is an expression of ideology not science.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓8. t = s␈↓∧2/3␈↓p␈↓∧-1/3␈↓.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓9.␈α
We␈α∞must␈α
consider␈α∞what␈α
can␈α∞exist␈α
and␈α
what␈α∞can␈α
evolve.␈α∞ The␈α
latter␈α∞question␈α
is␈α∞much␈α
harder.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓For␈α
example,␈α
silicon␈αbased␈α
life,␈α
in␈αthe␈α
Santa␈α
Clara␈αCounty␈α
sense,␈α
can␈αexist␈α
but␈α
may␈αrequire␈α
carbon
␈↓ ↓H␈↓based life to come into existence.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓10.␈α∞Postponement␈α∞of␈α∞the␈α
heat␈α∞death.␈α∞ If␈α∞we␈α
don't␈α∞do␈α∞something␈α∞about␈α
it,␈α∞our␈α∞sun␈α∞will␈α∞leave␈α
the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓main␈α
sequence,␈α
and␈αthe␈α
earth␈α
will␈αbecome␈α
uninhabitable␈α
in␈αa␈α
few␈α
billion␈αyears.␈α
 If␈α
our␈αspecies,␈α
like
␈↓ ↓H␈↓human␈α∞individuals,␈α∞prefers␈α∞to␈α∞postpone␈α∞death␈α∞as␈α∂long␈α∞as␈α∞possible,␈α∞then␈α∞life␈α∞can␈α∞last␈α∂millions␈α∞of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓times longer by using the gravitational energy of the universe in an economical way.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓11.␈α
Applications␈α
of␈αblack␈α
holes.␈α
 Black␈α
holes␈αcan␈α
be␈α
used␈αas␈α
rocket␈α
ships␈α
and␈αcan␈α
be␈α
used␈αto␈α
collect
␈↓ ↓H␈↓galaxies␈α∂so␈α∞as␈α∂to␈α∂keep␈α∞as␈α∂large␈α∂as␈α∞possible␈α∂a␈α∂part␈α∞of␈α∂the␈α∂universe␈α∞from␈α∂expanding␈α∂away.␈α∞ The
␈↓ ↓H␈↓energy␈αfrom␈αwhat␈αwe␈αcan␈αkeep␈αfrom␈αexpanding␈αaway␈αcan␈αbe␈αused␈αto␈αpreserve␈αlife␈αfor␈αa␈αvery␈αlong
␈↓ ↓H␈↓time.